![]() squats, dead lifts, Olympic lifts) over IRT (performing resistance exercises either on an unstable platform or using an unstable implement) for athletes is associated with the predominant literature that demonstrates significant force reductions when performing force or power actions under unstable versus stable conditions. The primary basis for the CSEP position stand's advocacy of traditional ground based free weights (e.g. Thus, the second purpose of this commentary is to apply these findings regarding the use of IRT to injury prevention and rehabilitation.ĮFFECT OF IRT ON FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE AND MUSCLE ACTIVATION Much of the literature has investigated the acute and chronic responses to instability training with healthy, young individuals. barbells and dumbells) to determine the role of IRT for rehabilitation. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to investigate the resistance training literature that examines the utilization of unstable surfaces and devices when performing resistance exercises either with body mass (callisthenic exercises) or with external loads (e.g. 111 Thus it is necessary to examine the literature to determine why such delineation is recommended between trained, health enthusiasts and the previously injured recovering population. ![]() 111 However, they balance that statement by indicating, “Individuals who are involved with rehabilitation, health‐related fitness pursuits or cannot access or are less interested in the training stresses associated with ground based free weight lifts, can also receive beneficial resistance training (RT) adaptations with instability devices and exercises to achieve functional health benefits”. ![]() They state, “ground based free weights are highly recommended for athletic conditioning of the core musculature as they can provide the moderately unstable environments to augment core and limb muscle activation while still providing maximal or near maximal force and power outputs”. The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CSEP) position stand 1 on the use of instability to train the core or trunk musculature does not fully endorse instability training for athletic or sport performance training. However popularity is not always equated with effectiveness. No matter what these balls are labeled, balls and other instability devices presently permeate the fitness and rehabilitation environment. The Swiss use the term physioballs, while the Germans call them pezzi balls. Interestingly, Swiss balls which derived their name from Swiss physical therapists, who were purportedly the first to incorporate these balls (prior to World War II) are not called Swiss balls by Swiss physical therapists. It would be difficult to find a fitness facility without some sort of instability device such as Swiss balls, BOSU® balls (definition: BOth Sides Up, description a hemispherical inflated ball that is flat on one side and convex on the other), foam rollers, wobble boards, suspended chains, ropes, or other devices. dumbbells, barbells) that are performed on an unstable surface or using unstable devices. IRT involves resistance exercises either with body mass as a resistance or external loads (e.g. Instability resistance training (IRT) devices are very popular in current training facilities. ![]()
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